Afgiftekantoor 2170 Merksem 1 ISSN 0771-5277

Periode: oktober november - december 2005 Erkenningsnr. P209674
Redactie: Dr. J.-P. Borie (Compiègne, France), Dr. L. De Bruyn (Antwerpen), T. C. Garrevoet
(Antwerpen), B. Goater (Chandlers Ford, England), Dr. K. Maes (Tervuren), Dr. K. Martens
(Brussel), H. van Oorschot (Amsterdam), W. O. De Prins (Eeefdaal).

Redactie-adres: W. O. De Prins, Dorpstraat 40 1B, B-3061 Eeefdaal (Belgium).
e-mail: willy.de.prins@telenet.be.

Jaargang 33, nummer 4 1 december 2005

A recently discovered new locality for Coenonympha
leander in Greece, and notes about the taxonomie
position of the species-group taxon Coenonympha
orientalis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

John G. Coutsis & Nikos Ghavalas

Abstract. A new locality in Greece is given for Coenonympha leander (Esper, 1784) and the
taxonomie position of the species-group taxon Coenonympha orientalis (Rebel, 1913) is being
discussed.

Samenvatting. Een onlangs ontdekte nieuwe vindplaats in Griekenland van Coenonympha
leander en bemerkingen over de taxonomische plaats van het taxon in de soort-groep
Coenonympha orientalis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

Résumé. La découverte récente d'une nouvelle localité de Coenonympha leander en Grèce,
avec des notes sur la position taxonomique du taxon dans le groupe-espèces Coenonympha
orientalis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

Key words: Satyrinae - Coenonympha - leander - orientalis - taxonomy - distribution -
faunistics - Greece.

Coutsis, J. G., 4 Glykonos Street, GR- 10675 Athens, Greece. e-mail: kouts@otenet.gr.

Ghavalas N., 30 Karaoli-Dimitriou Street, GR- 12461 Athens, Greece.

Introduction

The hitherto known distribution of nominotypical Coenonympha leander
(Esper, 1784) in Greece comprises areas that are situated immediately to the N
and NW of Mt. Falakró (Drama district, Makedonia), on and immediately to the
SW of Mt. Varnoüs, on Mt. Vitsi (both localities being in Flórina district,
Makedonia), at Valtónera, situated near Ptolemais (Kozani district, Makedonia)
and at Kristalopigi, situated immediately to the S of lake Mikri Préspa (Kastoria
district, Makedonia). The species-group taxon orientalis (Rebel, 1913) is known
to occur in Greece in the general vicinity of Katara pass, on Mt. Tzoumérka

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 121

(both, S Pindos Mts., Ioannina district, Ipiros), near Milia and Flambourari
(both, N Pindos Mts., Ioannina district, Ipiros), near Pendalofos, situated on Mt.
Vóio (Kozani district, Makedonia), on Mt. Grammos (Kastoria district,
Makedonia) and on Mt. Smólikas (Ioannina district, Ipiros). No single area has
so far been found in which the two species-group taxa fly together.

The purpose of the present paper is to give new locality data on leander
within Greek territory and to discuss the taxonomie position of orientalis vis-a-
vis leander and Coenonympha gardetta (de Prunner, 1798).

Fig. 1. Map of Greece, indicating sampling localities.

• = Coenonympha ( leander ) leander , ■ = Coenonympha ( leander ) orientalis

A new locality record for Coenonympha leander

In early June 2003 the second author discovered a colony of leander on Mt.
Voutsikaki (Agrafa Mts., S Pindos range, Karditsa district, Thessalia) at an
altitude of about 1700 m. In early June 2004 the same area was revisited, this
time by both authors, and a further colony was discovered on Mt. Galatas at an
altitude of about 1300 m. The former locality is situated just above the tree line
and supports a mixed Flora of grasses and shrubs. The latter locality comprises
clearings with grasses and fems within a forest composed of a mixture of Abies
Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 122

borisii-regis Mattf. and various deciduous trees. These localities lay SSE of
Katara pass and Mt. Tzoumérka. They are separated from them by at a distance
of about 70 km and 50 km respectively and belong to the same mountain system
(Pindos range). They constitute the southernmost, known range limit of leander
in Europe. The importance of this fmd is that it shows that the range of leander
in Greece comprises localities that encircle from roughly North, North-East and
South the known localities of orientalis, apparently without the present existence
of any zones of contact.

The taxonomie status of orientalis

There have been in time four positions in respect of the taxonomie status of
orientalis. There are those who have placed it as a ssp. of gardetta , and those
who have considered it as simply belonging to the Coenonympha arcania
(Linnaeus, 17 61)/ Coenonympha darwiniana Staudinger, 1871/C. gardetta-
complex, others who have considered it to be a ssp. of leander , and still others
who have considered it to be a separate species in its own right. In those cases in
which taxonomie justifications are given, the criteria that are being selected and
stressed (either through publication, or through personal communication) are the
ones that best support the often, predetermined taxonomie view. The first
position is held by Rebel & Zemy (1931), by Gross (1957), by Thumer (1964),
by Sijaric (1978), by Boillat (1990) — who also provides a detailed historie
overview on the subject, re-establishes synonymies and gives the first detailed
presentation of arguments in support of his views — , and by Jaksic (1988 &
1998). The second position is held by Schawerda (1913) and by Davenport
(1941). The third position is held by Coutsis (1972), by Dacie et al. (1979), by
Higgins & Riley (1980), by Willemse (1981), by Higgins & Hargreaves (1983),
by Tolman & Lewington (1997), by Tolman (2001), and by Chinery (1998). The
fourth and last position is held by Schawerda (1917), who had apparently
changed his mind vis-a-vis his previous position, by Pamperis (1997), and by
Lafranchis (2004).

According to the first position, orientalis is being considered as being a ssp.
of gardetta on the basis primarily of two external aspects: a.- That orientalis
shares with gardetta a similar in shape, white post-discal band on HW
underside, which is considered more important than other characters, and which
it is said that leander completely lacks, and b.- That form macrophthalmica,
Stauder of gardetta , which inhabits areas that are geographically placed between
the distribution areas of typical gardetta and orientalis , presents certain external
characters that are considered as being intermediate between those of typical
gardetta and those of orientalis, suggesting the presence of variation on a cline.
Mention is also made of the existence of a gray area on apex of FW underside in
some individuals of orientalis of a more northem provenance, which is a
constant character in gardetta, but considered as totally lacking in leander,
implying that this is yet another aspect that makes orientalis appear closer to
gardetta than it does to leander.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 123

Fig. 2. Upper-sides of Coenonympha from Greece. 1-4. ( leander ) leander, 5-8. ( leander ) orientalis,

l. S near Krateró, Mt. Vamoüs, Flórina district, Makedonia, ca. 800 m, 5.vi.l997 (normal), 2. S Mt.
Vamoüs, Flórina district, Makedonia, 1400 m, 21. vi. 1996 (dark), 3. $ near Andartiko, Flórina
district, Makedonia, 1300 m, 5.vi.l997 (normal), 4. $ near Ahladia, Drama district, Makedonia, 550

m, 15.V.1994 (with weekly defined HW sub-marginal fulvous-orange band), 5. S Near Katara pass,
Pindos range, Ioannina district, Ipiros, ca. 1500 m, 15.vi. 1977 (nonnal), 6. <$ Near Katara pass,
Pindos range, Ioannina district, Ipiros, ca. 1500 m, 1 5.vi. 1 977 (dark), 7. ^ Near Katara pass, Pindos
range, Ioannina district, Ipiros, ca. 1500 m, 15.vi.1977 (normal), 8. $ Near Katara pass, Pindos range,
Ioannina district, Ipiros, ca. 1500 m, 1 5.vi. 1 977 (HW with sub-marginal fulvous-orange band).

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 124

Fig. 3. Undersides of Coenonympha from Greece. 1-6. ( leander ) orientalis, 7-12. ( leander ) leander,

1. $ near Pendalofos, Mt. Vóio, Kozani district, Makedonia, 1200 m, 22.vi.1976 (wide white band),

2. S Near Katara pass, Pindos range, Ioannina district, Ipiros, ca. 1500 m, 1 5.vi. 1977 (normal white
band), 3. S Near Katara pass, Pindos range, Ioannina district, Ipiros, ca. 1500 m, 1 5.vi. 1 977 (reduced
white band with fulvous-orange wash), 4. $ Near Katara pass, Pindos range, Ioannina district, Ipiros,
ca. 1500 m, 15.vi.1977 (reduced white band with fulvous-orange wash and reduced black rings), 5. $
Near Katara pass, Pindos range, Ioannina district, Ipiros, ca. 1500 m, 1 5.vi. 1 977 (much reduced white
band with pronounced fulvous-orange wash), 6. S near Pendalofos, Mt. Vóio, Kozani district,
Makedonia, 1200 m, 22.vi.1976 (reduced white band and much enlarged black rings). 7. S
Kristalopigi, Kastoria district, Makedonia, ca. 600 m, 5.vi.l997 (normal), 8. S near Ahladia, Drama
district, Makedonia, 550 m, 15.V.1994 (black rings proximally with white scales), 9. near Andartiko,
Flórina district, Makedonia, 1300 m, 5.vi.l997 (narrow white band just appearing), 10. $
Kristalopigi, Kastoria district, Makedonia, ca. 600 m, 21.vi.1996 (narrow white band evident), 1 1. S
near Ahladia, Drama district, Makedonia, 550 m, 15.V.1994 (large black rings), 12. S Mt. Galatas,
Agrafa Mts., Pindos range, Karditsa district, Thessalia, 1200-1300 m, 16.vi.2004 (normal - new
locality record)

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 125

According to the second position, orientalis is being placed within the
arcaniat darwiniana/ gardetta complex, presumably on the basis of extemal
characters and in particular because of the fact that they all share the white post-
discal band on HW underside.

According to the third position, orientalis is being placed as a ssp. of
leander , on the basis of their sharing upper-side wing characters (most important
of which is considered the fulvous-orange wedge-like mark on HW anal angle,
which in gardetta is either totally missing, or at the most appears as tracés of a
narrow marginal line), of what is (erroneously) believed to be their constant
sharing a fulvous-orange apex on FW underside (in gardetta , macrophthalmica
inclusive, the apex is grey), of there being individuals of orientalis with a
marked reduction of the HW underside white band and individuals of leander
with a faint appearance of this band, of their having about equal FW lengths
{gardetta is a smaller butterfly), of their inhabiting areas included within the
same altitudinal limits (from about 600 to about 1700 m, the upper limit of
which in Greece is sub-alpine and not alpine, thus differing in this case from
gardetta , which is predominantly an alpine species) and of their sharing the
same flight period (late May to First half of July, according to altitude, and under
normal seasonal and weather conditions - gardetta as a rul e flies in July and
August). The problem with lepidopterists adhering to this position is that they
did not consider these arguments worthy of publication, as they judged them as
being self-evident.

According to the fourth position, orientalis is being raised to specific level
apparently on the basis of what is believed to be unique extemal characters, that
do not relate to any of the other taxa under consideration, of sympatry with
leander (though no actual syntopism is involved here), and of the supposed
absence of intermediates between the two.

Data based on personal experience

Our own field experiences in Greece with both leander and orientalis , dating
back to 1971, has shown them to inhabit predominantly grassy clearings within
the forest zone, as well as clearings supporting large concentrations of fems. The
lowest altitude at which we have found leander is at 500 m, and orientalis , at
600 m. The highest altitude for the former has been recorded at 1700 m and for
the latter, at 1500 m., both being clearly situated below alpine level, as applying
to Greece. The earliest capture for the former has been recorded in mid-May
(very fresh), and for the latter, in early June (fairly fresh), while the latest
captures for both have been recorded in mid-July (worn, or in tatters), thus both
taxa appearing and ending their flight, respectively before the appearance and
phasing out of the syntopic arcania. Out of a total of 61 male leander in our
possession, the minimum FW length has been measured at 17.00 mm, the
maximum at 20.10 mm and the average at 18.29 mm. In the case of Greek
orientalis , and out of a total of 46 male individuals, minimum FW length was

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 126

measured at 16.00 mm, maximum at 19.00 mm and average at 17.22 mm.
Female leander in our possession, totalling 21 individuals, have a FW length of
minimum 17.40 mm, maximum 20.60 mm and average 19.15 mm, while the
corresponding values for 14 orientalis females in our possession are minimum
18.40 mm, maximum 20.10 mm and average 19.07 mm. All these measurements
for both taxa are higher than are the corresponding ones for gardetta. Variation
in both leander and orientalis males is expressed on upper-side by the extent,
defmition and tone of the FW fulvous-orange area, by the defmition of the FW
end-cell black stria and by the degree of extension of the wedge-like mark on
HW anal angle along the wing’s sub-margin, occasionally forming a weekly-
defined band that partly encloses some of the sub-marginal black rings. In male
leander the underside of the HW varies primarily by the size of the black sub-
marginal rings, as well as by the rare presence of a narrow whitish post-discal
band just basad to these rings. In male orientalis variation on underside is
expressed on HW primarily by the width and shape of the whitish post-discal
band, which on rare occasions may be much reduced and darkened, and by the
size of the sub-marginal black rings. In both taxa there is also variation in the
tone of, and amount of grey present in the basal, discal and part of the post-
discal area of the HW underside. Variation in the females of both taxa follows
that which is expressed in the males, but the colours on upper-side are as a rule
of a lighter hew and the fulvous-orange sub-marginal band of HW upper-side,
when present, tends to be wider, more extensive and better defined than it is in
the males.

Coenonympha leander from localities other than Greece

In Hesselbarth et al. (1995), Tuzov et al. (1997), and Nazari (2003), there are
colour photographs of leander , respectively from Turkey (PI. 39 Underside, figs.
1-5), Russia (PI. 46, fig. 21) and Iran (PI. 51, fig. 7), that clearly show them to
possess a grey area on the apex of F W underside, much as is the case in gardetta
and certain northem orientalis and quite unlike the totality of Greek specimens
of leander that have been studied and which always have the apex fulvous-
orange instead. This shows that this trait cannot be considered as indicating
exclusive taxonomie proximity between orientalis and gardetta , since it is also
occasionally present in leander.

Discussion

Our own estimation of the problem is that at present and with the evidence at
hand, there is no safe way of drawing 100% defmitive conclusions as to the true
taxonomie status of orientalis. The criteria presented by the position that leander
and orientalis are conspecific (third position), however, and especially the one
which relates to the existence in both leander and orientalis of intermediate
individuals as far as the whitish post-discal band on HW underside is concemed
(perhaps suggesting gene exchange between the two taxa at a time when they
may have been syntopic) , appear to us as being the most convincing of the lot,
and we are of the opinion that on a tentative basis, it is best at present to either

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 127

consider orientalis as being a ssp. of leander rather than of gardetta , or to
consider it as being a semispecies of superspecies (leander). The problem will
most probably eventually be solved by a study of the DNA sequences of all the
species-group taxa under consideration and it is sincerely hoped that this will be
done in the very near future.

References

Boillat, H. 1990. Coenonympha (superspecies gardetta ) orientalis Rebel Mise au point taxinomique
(Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Satyrinae). — Alexanor 16(7): 395^-12.

Coutsis, J. G. 1972. List of Grecian Butterflies: Additional Records 1969-1971. — Entomologist’s
Record and Journal ofVariation 84: 145-1 5 1 .

Dacie, J. V., Dacie, M. K. V., Grammaticos, P., Higgins, L. G. & Higgins, N. 1979. Butterflies in
Northern Greece: June-July 1978. — Entomologist’s Record and Journal ofVariation 91: 311-
314.

Davenport, D. 1941 . The Butterflies of the satyrid genus Coenonympha. — Bulletin of the Museum of
comparative Zoology, Harvard College 87: 215-349.

Gross, F. J. 1954. Beitrag zur Unterscheidung von Coenonympha arcania L. und gardetta de
Prunner. — Zeitschrift der wiener entomologischen Gesellschaft 39: 372-384, 7 plates.

Hesselbarth, G., van Oorschot, H. & Wagener, S. 1995. Die Tagfalter der Türkei. — Selbstverlag
Sigbert Wagener, Bocholt, vol. 3: 847 pp.

Higgins, L. G. & Hargreaves, B. 1983. The Butterflies of Britain and Europe. — Collins, London,
256 pp.

Higgins, L. G. & Riley, N. D. 1970. A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe. —
Collins, London, 380 pp.

Jaksic, P. N. 1988. Privremene karte rasprostranjenosti dnevnih leptira Jugoslavije (Lepidoptera,
Rhopalocera). — Jugoslavensko entomolosko drustvo. Posebna izdanja. Editiones separatae,
Zagreb, 214 pp.

Jaksic, P. N. 1998. Male Genitalia of Butterflies on Balkan Peninsula with a Check-List.
Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea. — Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava, 144 pp.

Lafranchis, T. 2004. Butterflies of Europe. — Diatheo, Paris, 351 pp.

Nazari, V. 2003. Butterflies of Iran. — Dayereh-Sabz, Tehran, 580 pp. (in Farsi).

Pamperis, L. N. 1997. The Butterflies of Greece. — Bastas-Plessas, Athens, 559 pp.

Schawerda, K. 1913. Siebenter Nachtrag zur Lepidopterenfauna Bosniens und der Herzegowina. —
Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 63: 141-178.

Schawerda, K. 1917. Die Formen der beiden Arten Coenonympha arcania L. und Coenonympha
satyrion Esp. — Jahresbericht des wiener entomologischen Vereins 27: 111-141.

Sijaric, R. 1978. Rasprostranjenje vrste Coenonympha gardetta de Prunner 1798 na balkanskom
poluostrvu. — Glasnik Zemaljkog Muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine u Surajevu, Prirodne Nauke,
Novaserija 17: 317-321.

Thurner, J. 1964. Die Lepidopterenfauna jugoslavisch Mazedoniens. I. Rhopalocera, Grypocera und
Noctuidae. — Posebno Izdanie. Prirodonaucen Musej Skopje 1: 1-158.

Tolman, T. 2001. Photographic Guide to the Butterflies of Britain & Europe. — Oxford University
Press, Oxford, 305 pp.

Tolman, T. & Lewington, R. 1997. Butterflies of Britain & Europe. — Collins, London, 320 pp.

Tuzov, V. K., Bogdanov, P. V., Devyatkin, A. L., Kaabak, L. V., Korolev, V. A., Murzin, V. S.,
Samodurov, G. D. & Tarasov, E. A. 1997. Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and Adjacent
Territories. — Pensoft, Sofia, vol. 1: 480 pp.

Willemse, L. 1981. More about the distribution of Rhopalocera in Greece. — Entomologische
Berichten, Amsterdam 41: 41-47.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 128

A new brown Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) from
northern Greece (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

John G. Coutsis & Jurate De Prins

Abstract. A new species of brown Agrodiaetus is described from northern Greece on the
basis of its chromosome number, its karyotype, and its extemal characters. The new species-
group taxon, so far known only from a single restricted area situated in the district of Drama,
appears to be closest to the aroaniensis species-group complex.

Samenvatting. Een nieuwe, bruine Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus)-soort uit Noord-
Griekenland (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

De beschrijving van een nieuwe, bruine Agrodiaetus -soort uit Noord-Griekenland is gebaseerd
op het chromosoomnummer, het karyotype en de uiterlijke kenmerken. Deze nieuwe soort, tot nu
toe uitsluitend bekend uit een beperkt gebied in het district Drama, blijkt het nauwst verwant te
zijn met de aroaniensis soortengroep.

Résumé. Une espèce nouvelle, brune, de Polyommatus {Agrodiaetus) du nord de la Grèce
(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

La description d'un Agrodiaetus brun, nouveau, du nord de la Grèce est basée sur le nombre des
chromosomes, le caryotype et les caractères extérieurs. Ce taxon nouveau, qui est jusqu'a
maintenant seulement connu d'un endroit restreint dans le district Drama, appartient au groupe-
espèces d 'aroaniensis.

Key words: Lycaenidae - Polyommatus - Agrodiaetus - Polyommatus {Agrodiaetus) eleniae
sp. nov. - karyotype - chromosome number - Greece

Coutsis, J. G.: 4 Glykonos Street, GR 10675, Athens, Greece. (kouts@otenet.gr)

De Prins, J.: Royal Museum for Central Africa, Entomology Section, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-
Tervuren, Belgium. (jurate.de.prins@africamuseum.be)

Introduction

During a series of expeditions that were carried out by the first author on Mt.
Falakró and its surrounding foothills (northern Greece, Makedonia, Drama
district - Fig. 22), a small number of a brown Polyommatus (. Agrodiaetus ) were
recorded which, on the basis of their general external features and of their male
genitalia, were at First attributed to Polyommatus {Agrodiaetus) aroaniensis
(Brown, 1976). The fact, however, that the recorded individuals exhibited a
darker, redder and warmer-appearing yellow-brown underside ground-colour
(especially evident in fresh individuals), than is the case in nominotypical
aroaniensis , prompted us to consider having their chromosome number and
karyotype checked; this task was undertaken by the second author, and the
results showed that these specimens represent a new and as yet un-described
species, that fits within the aroaniensis species-group complex.

Abbreviations: ZMA

TL
FW
HW
MI
MII
n

ssp.

Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam

Type locality

Forewing

Hind-wing

Metaphase of First division of primary spermatocyte
Metaphase of second division of primary spermatocyte
Haploid chromosome number
Subspecies

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 129

Holotype

Ptiivommatm

irigrmitaetm) elenuie

Sp; nov.

Designated by John
G, Coutsis and
Juraic Dc Prins, 2005

Makedonia
Drama district, Mt.
Falakró castéra foothills,
ncar Granitis 900 m
16 vii. 1999 Coutsis leg

mmmmÊmmfflmsmmmmmm

Figs. 1-8. Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) eleniae sp. nov. holotype <$. 1- Upper-side. 2 - Underside.
3 - Data labels. 4-8. Genitalia. 4 - Side view of outer face of left valva. 5 - Side view of left face of
genitalia with valvae and aedeagus removed. 6 - Ventral view of right falx, right labis and right half
of tegumen. 7. Dorsal view of aedeagus. 8 - Ventral view of distal half of aedeagus.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 130

Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) eleniae sp. nov.

Material. Holotype S (Figs. 1, 2), Greece. Makedonia, Drama district, Mt. Falakró, eastem
foothills, near Granitis, 900 m, 16.vii.1999, Coutsis leg., coll. ZMA. $ paratype (Figs. 10, 11),
Makedonia, Drama district, Mt. Falakró, 1200-1300 m, 10.vii.l993, Coutsis leg., coll. ZMA. 19 S
paratypes, Makedonia, Drama district, Mt. Falakró, all Coutsis leg. et coll., of which: 9 specimens
1300 m, ó.viii. 1 98 1 , 3 specimens 1200-1300 m, 10.vii.l993, 1 specimen 1600-1900 m, ó.viii. 1 999, 3
specimens eastem foothills, near Granitis, ca. 600 m, 7.VÜ.2001, 2 specimens same data, but
7.viii. 1 999 and 1 specimen same data, but 600-700 m, 6.viii.l999. 3-9- paratypes, Makedonia, Drama
district, Mt. Falakró, 1300 m, ó.viii. 1981, Coutsis leg. et coll.

Description. Holotype (Figs. 1, 2). FW length 16.0 mm. Upper-side: as
in aroaniensis', ground colour dark brown with a slight yellowish sheen, which
under certain lighting conditions may make sub-marginal area of both FW and
HW appear darker than rest of wing; when held against light, wings not
translucent, being similar to those of aroaniensis , and differing from those of
Polyommatus {Agrodiaetus) ripartii (Freyer, 1 830) and Polyommatus
{Agrodiaetus) nephohiptamenos (Brown & Coutsis, 1978), both of which show
mild translucence; wing veins blackish-brown, but not as evident as in ripartii
and nephohiptamenos , because of the lack of wing translucence; FW basal,
discal and part of post-discal area covered with dense dark brown hairs that are
somewhat lighter than the ground-colour; FW blackish stria at cell-apex barely
visible; inner half of fringes of FW blackish-brown, outer half brown, while on
HW inner half of fringes blackish-brown and outer half whitish-brown.
Underside: as in aroaniensis, but ground-colour darker yellow-brown with a
reddish tinge, giving an overall warmer appearance; HW black post-discal spots
small, sub-marginal markings vestigial, and whitish stripe weakly developed;
FW fringes with light brown inner half and blackish-brown outer half; HW
fringes with light brown inner half and brown outer half; base of HW devoid of
any greenish- or bluish-silver dusting, even when observed microscopically.

paratype (Figs. 10, 11). FW length 16.1 mm; upper-side as in $, but
ground-colour lighter dark brown and lacking the yellowish sheen, FW blackish
stria at cell-apex better defined, FW hairs missing, and fringes of both wings
lighter-coloured; dark brown sub-marginal area darker than ground-colour, as in
S, but narrower; HW with blackish-brown sub-marginal markings. Underside,
as in male, but fringes lighter-coloured, HW whitish stripe slightly better
defined, and both wings with bare tracés of sub-marginal orangey-brown spots.

Variation (Figs. 14-17). This is expressed in the males by their overall
size (FW length: minimum = 14.1 mm, maximum = 17.3 mm, and average for 20
specimens studied = 16.4 mm), by the shade and intensity of ground-colour on
underside (light yellow-brown with slight reddish tinge to darker yellow-brown
with more intense reddish tinge, depending on the freshness of the specimens),
by the degree of defmition and the size of the HW post-discal black spots on
underside, as well as by the degree of defmition, or total absence, of the HW
underside whitish stripe (about 60% out of 20 <$ specimens studied were found

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 131

to be totally un-striped, while 40% were found to carry a stripe in varying
degrees of defmition, but never as well defined as in ripartii). In the 4 available
females variation is expressed as it is in the males, but the FW length was found
to have a minimum value of 14.0 mm, a maximum one of 16.2 mm, and an
average one of 1 5.6 mm, while one of the studied specimens was found to be un-
striped and the other three, to possess a whitish stripe that is slightly better
defined than in the males. Variation in the females is also expressed by the
degree of defmition of the underside orangey-brown sub-marginal spots, the
degree of defmition and number of the HW upper-side sub-marginal dark brown
markings, as well as by the shape of the wings, that most often tend to be
narrower than in the S-

Male genitalia (Figs. 4-8). Indistinguishable from those of
aroaniensis, sharing with the latter the long valvae that are also characteristic of
Polyommatus (. Agrodiaetus ) humedasae (Toso & Balletto, 1976), Polyommatus
( Agrodiaetus ) alcestis (Zerny, 1932), Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) fabressei
(Oberthür, 1910), nominotypical Polyommatus (. Agrodiaetus ) dantchenkoi
(Lukhtanov, Wiemers & Meusemann, 2003), Polyommatus (. Agrodiaetus )
dantchenkoi orphicus Kolev, 2005 and Polyommatus (. Agrodiaetus ) admetus
(Esper, [1783]).

Fig. 9. Spermatocytes in MI of holotype (white stripe on HW underside present). Chromosome
preparation No. JC 99032. - n = 41.

Chromosome number and karyotype (Fig. 9). Preparation
method according to Wiemers & De Prins (2004). There were found 15 cells in
MI (2 are figured) and 3 cells in MII, each with ^7 = 41, this value being
significantly lower than that of aroaniensis , which has n = 48 (Coutsis,
Puplesiene & De Prins 1 999), extremely lower than that of fabressei , which has
n = 90 (De Lesse, 1960), higher than that of humedasae , and alcestis which have
respectively n = 39 (Troiano et al. 1979) and n = 19-21 (De Lesse 1960), and
about equal to that of the geographically distant nominotypical dantchenkoi , and
to that of the geographically proximate dantchenkoi orphicus , the first one of
Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 132

which has n = 40-42, and the second one has n = 41-42 (Lukhtanov et al. 2003
and Kolev 2005, respectively), and both of which differ, however, from eleniae
by their karyotype as well as by underside extemal characters that seem to bear
close affïnities to those of ripartii. The karyotype of eleniae is asymmetrical and
is characterized by having 4 large bivalents, and another 37 smaller ones that
show a gradual decrease in size, but not quite as gradual as in aroaniensis. From
nominotypical dantchenkoi and its ssp. orphicus it differs by the length of the
smallest chromosome versus that of the largest one, the smallest one being about
1/3 the length of the largest one in eleniae , and about 2/3 this length in
nominotypical dantchenkoi and its ssp. orphicus.

Distribution. The new species-group taxon is presently known only from
Mt. Falakró and its immediate surroundings (Fig. 22). Specimens from the
geographically proximate Mt. Menikio and Mt. Órvilos appear also to belong to
eleniae , but their taxonomie status will remain uncertain until an examination of
their respective chromosome number and karyotype is also carried out.

Derivatio nominis. The specific name given is derived from the first
author’s wife, ‘Eléni’, who has patiently and silently endured his
lepidopterological monomania for a period of over 40 years.

Paratype $

Polyommatus
(Agrodiaelus) eleniae

sp. nov.

Designated by John
G, Coutsis and
Jurate Dc Prins, 2005

Greecc
Makedoma
Drama district, Mt,
Falakró 1200-1300 m
lO.vii. 1993 Coutsis leg.

Figs. 10-12. Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) eleniae sp. nov. paratype 7- . 10 - Upper-side. 11-
Underside. 12 - Data labels.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 133

Supplementary chromosomal evidence

As a measure of verification, a second specimen from the type series of
eleniae was checked, and it too revealed in all five of its MI spermatocytes that
were studied (four are shown in Fig. 13), exactly the same karyotype and
number of chromosomes (n = 41) as did the holotype. This time the specimen
chosen was one that totally lacked the HW underside whitish stripe, and this was
done in order to preclude any possible doubts about the con-specificity of the
striped and un-striped forms of the new species.

10 pm

Fig. 13. Spermatocytes in MI of paratype (white stripe on HW underside absent). Greece, Makedonia,
Drama district, Mt. Falakró, 1600-1900m, ó.viii. 1 999, Coutsis leg. Chromosome preparation No. JC
99041. — n = 41.

Discussion

The difference in chromosome number from aroaniensis ( n = 48), being a
constant 7, is quite high in respect of the overall low number of chromosomes
involved here. No definable extemal differences occur however between the
newly described species and aroaniensis , other than the darker, warmer and
redder underside ground colour of the former (Figs. 14-21). Using independent
sample two-tailed t-test, we were not able to establish statistically significant
differences between eleniae and topotypical aroaniensis in the mean value of
their respective FW lengths. Application of an x2 test revealed that no
statistically significant difference occurs between eleniae and topotypical
aroaniensis in the frequency of the presence of the HW underside whitish stripe.

As mentioned above, the recently described P. (A.) dantchenkoi, both in its
nominate form, as well as in its ssp. orphicus, though sharing with eleniae the
same chromosome number, does however differ from the latter by its karyotype,
as well as by the external characters of the underside, these being very close
instead to those of ripartii (whitish stripe always present and well-defmed,
ground-colour of a lighter, colder hue, without reddish tinge). The chromosome
number of humedasae, being n = 39, is closer to that of eleniae than is that of
aroaniensis to that of eleniae , but the existence of extemal differences between
the first two, supports specific differentiation between them.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 134

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 135

Figs. 14-21. Undersides of Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) species from Greece, Coutsis leg. 14-17. Paratypes of eleniae sp. nov., Makedoma, Drama
district, Mt. Falakró. 14.- è, eastem foothills, near Granitis, ca. 600 m, 7.vii.2001 (HW white stripe present). 15.- S, 1300 m, 6.vm.l981 (HW
white stripe absent). 16.- £, same data (HW white stripe present). 17.- ?, same data (HW white stripe vestigial). 18-21. aroaniensis (Brown,
1976), Pelopónnisos, Ahaia district, Mt. Helmós ( = TL). 18.- & 1100 m, 4.VÜ.1980 (HW white stripe present). 19.- & same data (HW white stripe
absent). 20.- ? , 1400 m, 24.vii.1971 (HW white stripe present). 21- £, same data (HW white stripe vestigial).

Fig. 22. Map of Greece showing sampling locality for P. ( A .) eleniae sp. nov.

It is hoped that in due time the chromosome number of aroaniensis species-
group taxa from various other localities on the Greek mainland will also have
their chromosomes studied, in order to acquire a broader overview of this
taxonomically difficult and complex group of butterflies.

References

Brown, J. 1976. Notes regarding previously undescribed European taxa of the genera Agrodiaetus
Hübner,1822 and Polyommatus Kluk, 1801 (Lep., Lycaenidae). — Entomologist’s Gazette 27:
77-84.

Brown, J. & Coutsis, J. G. 1978. Two newly discovered Lycaenid butterflies (Lepidoptera:
Lycaenidae) from Greece, with notes on allied species. — Entomologist’s Gazette 29: 201-213.
Coutsis, J. G., Puplesiene, J. & De Prins, W. 1999. The chromosome number and karyotype of
Polyommatus {Agrodiaetus) ripartii and Polyommatus {Agrodiaetus) aroaniensis from Greece
(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). — Phegea 27(3): 81-84.

De Lesse, H. 1960. Les nombres de chromosomes dans la classification du groupe d’ Agrodiaetus
ripartii Freyer (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). — Revue frangaise dEntomologie 27(3): 240-264.
Esper, E. J. C. [1783]. Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen 1(2)
Fortsetzung der Tagschmetterlinge: 148; pl. 82, fig. 2S, 3 .

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 136

Kolev, Z. 2005. Polyommatus dantchenkoi (Lukhtanov & Wiemers, 2003) tentatively identified as
new to Europe, with a description of a new taxon from the Balkan Peninsula (Lycaenidae). —
Nota lepidopterologica 28(1): 25-34.

Lukhtanov, V. A., Wiemers, M. & Meusemann, K. 2003. Description of a new species of the
“brown” Agrodiaetus complex from South-East Turkey (Lycaenidae). — Nota
Lepidopterologica 26(1/2): 65-71.

Oberthür, Ch. 1910. Notes pour servir a établir la Faune Fran9aise et Algérienne des Lépidoptères.
Rhopalocera (suite). — Etudes de Lépidoptérologie comparée 4: 15-638.

Toso, G. G. & Balletto, E. 1976. Una nuova specie del genere Agrodiaetus Hübn. (Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae). — Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova 81 : 124130.

Troiano, G., Balletto, E. & Toso, G. G. 1979. The karyotype of Agrodiaetus humedasae Toso &
Balletto, 1976. — Bollettino della Societd entomologica italiana 111(7-8): 141-143.

Wiemers, M. & De Prins, J. 2004. Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) paulae sp. nov. (Lepidoptera:
Lycaenidae) from Northwest Iran, discovered by means of molecular, karyological and
morphological methods. — Entomologische Zeitschrift 114(4): 155-162.

Zemy, H. 1932. Lepidopteren aus dem nördlichen Libanon. — Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift
Iris 46: 186-187.

Phegea 33 (4) (1. XII. 2005): 137

Spiegelkevers aan de westrand van Brussel
(Coleoptera: Histeridae)

Willy Troukens

Abstract. Histeridae at the westside of the Brussels region (Coleoptera)

Since 1978 twelve species of Histeridae were found at the westside of Brussels: Hololepta plana
(Sulzer), Plegaderus dissectus Erichson, Abraeus granulum Erichson, Saprinus semistriatus
(Scriba), Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann), Paromalus flavicornis (Herbst), Hister unicolor
Linnaeus, Margarinotus brunneus (Fabricius), M. purpurascens (Herbst), M. carbonarius
(Hoffmann), Atholus duodecimstriatus (Schrank), and Elbisia minor (Rossi).

Résumé. Histeridae a la périphérie ouest de Bruxelles (Coleoptera)

Depuis 1978 douze espèces de Histeridae furent observées dans la zone occidentale de Bruxelles:
Hololepta plana (Sulzer), Plegaderus dissectus Erichson, Abraeus granulum Erichson, Saprinus
semistriatus (Scriba), Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann), Paromalus flavicornis (Herbst),
Hister unicolor Linnaeus, Margarinotus brunneus (Fabricius), M. purpurascens (Herbst), M
carbonarius (Hoffmann), Atholus duodecimstriatus (Schrank) et Elbisia minor (Rossi).

Key words: Belgium - faunistics - Histeridae - Coleoptera.

Troukens, W.: Ninoofsesteenweg782/8, B-1070 Anderlecht.

Toen ik in 1999 onderzoek deed naar doodgravers en aaskevers (Silphidae)
(Troukens 2001: 95-98), vond ik in de bodemvallen met dierlijk aas — als
bijproduct — ook heel wat spiegelkevers (Histeridae). Ik had deze

zwartglimmende insecten ook al geregeld waargenomen onder losse
boomschors, op boomzwammen, onder kadavertjes of gewoon in de tuin onder
plantaardig afval. Volgens Keer (1930: 362) worden de kevers aangelokt door de
rottingsgeuren omdat ze daar ook volop hun voedsel vinden, met name
vliegenmaden en larven van spektorren en schorskevers. Sommige spiegelkevers
hebben zich sterk gespecialiseerd en verkiezen een totaal ander menu
(Schildluizen & Vallenduuk 1998: 27). Zo leeft een aantal kleinere soorten in
nesten van vogels en zoogdieren waar ze jacht maken op mijten (Acarina). Nog
andere vindt men in mierennesten: ze hebben het vooral gemunt op het
mierenbroed. Ook larven van bladhaantjes (Chrysomelidae) vormen een
begeerde prooi: Saprinus virescens (Paykull, 1798) maakt verwoed jacht op
Phaedon- en Gastroidea-larven, terwijl Hister helluo Truqui, 1852 zich voedt
met de larven van het elzenhaantje, Agelastica alni (Linnaeus, 1758) (Keer
1930: 362). Herhaaldelijk heeft men waargenomen dat tal van spiegelkevers
aangelokt worden door de rottingsgeur van bloeiende aronskelken (. Arum sp.)
(Du Chatenet 1986: 217-220). Het gaat hier vooral om Gnathoncus- en
Saprinus- soorten. Men kan zich hierbij de vraag stellen of de kevers misleid
worden door de geur of dat ze gewoon afkomen op de motmugjes (Psychodidae)
die in de bloeischede aan het werk zijn als bestuivers.

Histeridae zijn meestal zwarte, rondovale, lichtgewelfde kevers met een
uitgesproken lakglans. Hun lengte varieert van 1 mm (Abraeus perpusillus
(Marsham, 1802), = A. globosus (Hoffmann, 1803)) tot 15 mm (Pachylister
inaequalis (Olivier, 1789)). De sprieten zijn vrij kort, geknied en 11 -ledig

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 138

waarbij de laatste 3 een eindknots vormen. De meestal getande voorschenen zijn
verbreed en wijzen op een gravende functie. De dekschilden zijn afgeknot en
laten één of twee achterlijfssegmenten — het propygidium en het pygidium —
onbedekt. Omdat de dekschildstrepen nabij de naad kunnen ontbreken worden
deze vanaf het schouder- of humeraalstreepje van buiten naar binnen geteld
(Schilthuizen & Vallenduuk 1998: 31).

Spiegelkevers houden niet van vliegen. Na een vlucht van enkele meter
ploffen ze weer op de grond. Ook lopen gaat vrij traag. Om belagers om de tuin
te leiden, trekken ze kop, sprieten en poten in en houden zich dood. Aldus lijken
ze op een steentje en zijn ze moeilijk vast te pakken.

In Europa leven 200 soorten Histeridae (Du Chatenet 1986: 217) waarvan er
zowat 65 bekend zijn in België. Sinds 1978 werden aan de westrand van Brussel
twaalf soorten waargenomen. In de nu volgende opsomming volgt een beknopte
beschrijving van elke soort met enkele bijzonderheden over hun vondst en hun
levenswijze.

De laatste jaren is aan de nomenclatuur van de Histeridae nogal wat
gesleuteld. In dit artikel heb ik gekozen voor de naamgeving van Lackner &
Yélamos (2004) terwijl de namen van Witzgall (1971: 156-189) tussen haakjes
worden vermeld.

Figuren 1—3. 1— Hololepta plana (Sulzer, 1776), 2 — Plegaderus dissectus Erichson, 1839, 3 —
Abraeus granulum Erichson, 1839.

1. Hololepta plana (Sulzer, 1776) (fig. 1)

H. plana is een langwerpige kever van 8 a 9 mm. Zijn lichaam is haast zo
dun als een vingernagel en dit onderscheidt hem van alle andere Histeridae. In
Midden-Europa is H. plana nergens gewoon (Witzgall 1971: 178). Meer naar
het noorden toe, o.a. in Noord-Frankrijk, ontbreekt hij volledig (Du Chatenet
1986: 224). In ons land was de kever tot 1970 vrijwel onbekend. De
daaropvolgende jaren verscheen hij echter op verschillende plaatsen, vooral in
Midden-België. In 1986 verzamelde Bosselaers (1986: 25—26) al gegevens van
elf lokaliteiten.

1

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 139

Aan de westrand van Brussel vond ik mijn eerste exemplaar in mijn tuin te
Anderlecht op 1 1. VI. 1989. Het kwam uit een wilgenbosje gevlogen. In april en
mei 1999 ontdekte ik in de Wolfsputten te Dilbeek 19 plande onder schors van
gevelde populieren. In dezelfde gemeente zat op 15.V.2000 ook nog een
exemplaar op een stuk brandhout. Dat H. plana nu op verschillende plaatsen in
het Brusselse aanwezig is, bewees A. De Turck op 15.V.1988 met een vangst in
het Zoniënwoud.

2. Plegaderus dissectus Erichson, 1839 (fig. 2)

Deze zwartbruine, langovale spiegelkever is volledig bestippeld. Hij meet
nauwelijks 1 a 1,5 mm. Zijn halsschild valt op door de dubbelgebogen zijrand en
een dwarsgleuf die het middenveld verdeelt in twee kussenvormige helften. Ook
de dekschilden zijn opvallend gewelfd en elk vanaf de basis voorzien van een
diepe, halve rugstreep.

P. dissectus is in Midden-Europa overal zeldzaam (Witzgall 1971: 161). In
Nederland is hij alleen bekend uit Zuid-Limburg (Brakman 1966: 87). Ook in
België is dit kevertje moeilijk te vinden. Op 25. IX. 1986 was ik de gelukkige
ontdekker van 3 exemplaren te Dilbeek. De kevertjes zaten in een schimmelige
beukenstomp. Volgens Witzgall (1971: 161) moet men dit insect zoeken in
molm en onder schors van loofbomen waar het jaagt op larven van schorskevers.

3. Abraeus granulum Erichson, 1839 (fig. 3)

Ook dit spiegelkevertje is nergens gewoon. Mijn enige vangst te Dilbeek
dateert van 25.IX.1986. Ik vond dit kevertje, samen met Plegaderus dissectus , in
een schimmelende beukenstomp.

A. granulum is een bruin, eirond insect van 1 a 1,5 mm. Hij is één van de
twee Abraeus- soorten met verbrede, afgeronde voorschenen. Zijn lichaam is
sterk gewelfd. Zowel de kop, het halsschild als de dekschilden zijn fijn en dicht
bestippeld. A. granulum leeft vooral in molm, onder schors van oude loofbomen
en soms bij mieren (Witzgall 1971: 162).

4. Saprinus semistriatus (Scriba, 1790) (Gestreepte spiegelkever) (fig. 4)

5. semistriatus is een eironde spiegelkever van 3,5 a 6 mm. Zoals alle
Saprinus- soorten bezit hij achteraan op de dekschilden een randstreep die bij de
naad naar voren ombuigt en verder loopt als naadstreep. Bij de gestreepte
spiegelkever lopen de 4 rugstrepen vanaf de voorrand tot ongeveer halverwege
het dekschild. De ruimte tussen de lste en 2de rugstreep is meestal rimpelig
bestippeld. Een brede strook naast de halsschildrand en de achterste helft van de
dekschilden zijn eveneens grof en dicht bestippeld.

Deze spiegelkever is in het hele Palaearctische gebied zeer algemeen (Keer
1930: 373). Men vindt hem op kadavertjes en soms ook op mest, rottende
planten, paddestoelen en aronskelken (Keer l.c.). In Dilbeek is S. semistriatus
heel gewoon. Ik ving hem geregeld van april tot juli in bodemvallen met
gamaalkoppen, alsook 1 ex. op 04.VI.1983 onder een dode merel en op
04.VII.1999 17 ex. in een bodemval met een dode mol.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 140

Figuren 4-6. 4- Saprinus semistriatus (Scriba, 1790), 5- Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792),
6 Paromalus flavicornis (Herbst, 1792).

5. Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792) ( G . nanus (Scriba, 1790))

(fig- 5)

G. rotundatus behoort tot een geslacht van kleine kevertjes die vooral te
vinden zijn in vogelnesten en kippenhokken (Witzgall 1971: 166). Dit
spiegelkevertje heeft bruinrode sprieten en poten. Het meet slechts 1,8 a 3 mm.
De bovenzijde is volledig bestippeld, het krachtigst op de halsschildzijden en de
achterste dekschildhelft. De 4 rugstrepen reiken tot in het midden van elk
dekschild. Aan de basis is ook nog een boogvormig restantje zichtbaar van een
5de rugstreep.

G. rotundatus komt verspreid voor in het Palaearctisch gebied (Keer 1930:
378) maar ik heb hem in de vrije natuur nog niet kunnen vinden. Te Anderlecht
noteerde ik 3 ex. op een gesloten terras met een kleine voorraad uien en
aardappelen, nl. op 18.VII.1985, ll.VI.1988 en 05.VIII.1995.

6. Paromalus flavicornis (Herbst, 1792) (fig. 6)

Deze langovale spiegelkever is volledig bestippeld en meet 1,5 a 2,2 mm.
Zijn sprieten en poten zijn roestrood. Brakman (1966: 88) gebruikt voor dit
insect de genusnaam Micromalus. Te Dilbeek vond ik verschillende exemplaren
van P. flavicornis onder losse schors van vermolmde of schimmelende
beukenstompen: 1 ex. op 18.IV. 1981, 1 ex. op 25.IV. 1981 en 2 ex. op
25.IX.1986.

7. Hister unicolor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gladde spiegelkever) (fig. 7)

H. unicolor is een korteivormige spiegelkever van 7 a 10 mm. De
rugbestippeling beperkt zich tot de 2 onbedekte achterlijfssegmenten. Het
halsschild heeft 2 randstrepen waarvan de buitenste gereduceerd is tot de voorste
helft. De dekschilden vertonen elk 3 volledige en 3 verkorte rugstrepen. Volgens
Keer (1930: 366) is de gladde spiegelkever nergens zeldzaam en is hij vooral te

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 141

vinden in mest en rottend plantenmateriaal. Ikzelf vond verschillende
exemplaren van april tot september in de tuin te Anderlecht en te Dilbeek op
29.VI.1995 1 ex. in een bodemval met gamaalkoppen.

Figuren 7-9. 7 Hister unicolor (Linnaeus, 1758), 8.- Margarinotus brunneus (Fabricius, 1775), 9.-
Margarinotus purpurascens (Herbst, 1792).

8. Margarinotus brunneus (Fabricius, 1775) (= Hister cadaverinus

Hoffmann, 1 803) (fig. 8)

Zoals bij de vorige soort zijn alleen de twee onbedekte achterlijfssegmenten
bestippeld. De 2 randstrepen op het halsschild zijn ongeveer even lang. De
dekschilden vertonen elk 4 volledige en 2 verkorte, gefragmenteerde rugstrepen.
Naast het schildje is meestal ook nog een rudimentair streepje te zien.

Deze spiegelkever is zeer algemeen in Europa en komt voor tot in Siberië en
Japan (Schilthuizen & Vallenduuk 1998: 54). Ik ving hem geregeld van april tot
juni in de tuin te Anderlecht en te Dilbeek in bodemvallen met garnaalkoppen;
verder ook te Dilbeek 1 ex. op 15.V.1999 in een rottende boomstronk en op
25.VI.1999 1 ex. onder een dode mol.

9. Margarinotus purpurascens (Herbst, 1792) (= Paralister purpurascens

Herbst, 1792) (fïg.9)

Deze spiegelkever is 4 a 5 mm lang en valt op door de rode vlek op elk
dekschild die evenwel ook kan ontbreken (Witzgall 1971: 184). Het halsschild
vertoont één enkele randstreep. Op elk dekschild zijn 4 volledige en 2 verkorte
rugstrepen te zien. De bestippeling beperkt zich tot de twee achterlijfssegmenten.

M. purpurascens komt voor in het hele Palaearctische gebied tot in Japan
(Schilthuizen & Vallenduuk 1998: 58). Men vindt hem meestal in mest en onder
rottend plantenmateriaal (Witzgall 1971: 184). Aan de Brusselse westrand
noteerde ik slechts twee vangsten: nl. 1 ex. te Dilbeek op 17.IV. 1989 en 1 ex. in
de tuin te Anderlecht op 01. VI. 1993.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 142

Figuren 10-12. 10 - Margarinotus carbonarius (Hoffmann, 1803), 11 - Atholus duodecimstriatus
(Schrank, 1781), 12- Eblisia minor (Rossi, 1792).

10. Margarinotus carbonarius (Hoffmann, 1803) (= Paralister carbonarius

Hoffmann, 1803) (fig. 10)

M. carbonarius is een breedovale spiegelkever van 3,5 a 5,5 mm. Hij komt
algemeen voor in Europa en zijn areaal reikt oostwaarts tot in Siberië
(Schilthuizen & Vallenduuk 1998: 57). De halsschildrandstreep en de
bestippeling zijn zoals bij M. purpurascens (fig. 9). Elk dekschild vertoont 3
volledige en 3 verkorte rugstrepen.

Aan de Brusselse westrand nam ik de kever jaarlijks waar van april tot
augustus. Te Dilbeek vond ik hem meestal in bodemvallen met gamaalkoppen
maar ik zag hem ook op uitwerpselen en op een dode duif. Op 1, 15 en
23.V.1999 ontdekte ik telkens enkele exemplaren op rottende boomzwammen.
Volgens Keer (1930: 367) kan men hem bovendien aantreffen in mest, op
duiventillen en in nesten van mollen en hamsters.

1 1 . Atholus duodecimstriatus (Schrank, 1781) (fig. 1 1)

Het genus Atholus wordt gekenmerkt door het ontbreken van een
subhumeraalstreep, d.w.z. de streep achter het schouder- of humeraalstreepje. A.
duodecimstriatus is 4 a 5 mm lang en volledig zwart. De ander inlandse Atholus-
soort, A. bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), heeft op elk dekschild een rode vlek.

A. duodecimstriatus heeft slechts één halsschildstreep. De dekschilden
vertonen elk 6 volledige rugstrepen; de 5de en de 6de streep neigen vooraan en
achteraan naar elkaar toe. De bestippeling beperkt zich tot de twee onbedekte
achterlij fssegmenten.

Deze spiegelkever is in Midden-Europa nergens zeldzaam. Men kan hem
vinden op uitwerpselen en mest (Witzgall 1971: 188). Te Dilbeek vond ik deze
soort drie keer in grazige terreinen: 1 ex. op 18.IV. 1985, 1 ex. op 15.V.1985 en
1 ex. op02.X.2001.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 143

12. Eblisia minor (Rossi, 1792) (= Platysoma frontale (Paykull, 1798)) (fig.

12)

E. minor is een normaal gewelfde spiegelkever van 3 a 4 mm. Het halsschild
is alleen wat bestippeld aan de voor- en zijkant. De dekschilden vertonen 3
volledige en 3 verkorte rugstrepen en achteraan een smalle strook met stippels.
Typisch voor E. minor zijn de 2 doorns op de zijrand van de achterschenen.

Over zijn verspreiding spreken sommige auteurs elkaar tegen. Volgens J.
Huizinga in Harde & Severa (1982: 106) is deze kever geen Nederlandse soort.
Brakman (1966: 88) vermeldt hem achter wél voor Gelderland, Noord-Holland
en Nederlands-Limburg. Ikzelf ving E. minor voor het eerst in de Dilbeekse
Wolfsputten op 12.V.2005 onder schors van een gevelde knotwilg. In Midden-
Europa zou de kever niet zeldzaam zijn in oude bossen. Hij moet gezocht
worden onder schors van dode loofbomen waar hij jacht maakt op vliegenmaden
en schorskeverlarven (Witzgall 1971: 181).

Ondanks hun monotone kleur vormen Histeridae een boeiende keverfamilie.
Bovendien spelen zij een nuttige rol in de natuurhuishouding als predatoren van
maden en larven. Heel wat soorten hebben een bepaalde biotoopvoorkeur.
Tijdens een bemonstering in de duinen tussen De Haan en Blankenberge in 1988
verzamelde ik 5 soorten. Hiervan noteerde ik er 4 die ik aan de Brusselse
westrand nog nooit had waargenomen.

Als besluit wil ik de mensen danken die me sinds jaren aanmoedigen om
mijn bevindingen i.v.m. de lokale keverfauna op papier te zetten, met name
Margriet De Ridder, ere-inspectrice biologie (Sint-Jans-Molenbeek), Aubin De
Turck (Wenduine), Rokus Liefaart ('s-Gravendeel, Nederland), Lut Mertens
(Anderlecht) en Bemard Misonne (Tervuren). Zij zijn daar al behoorlijk in
geslaagd!

Bibliografie

Bosselaers, J. 1986. Nieuwe vindplaatsen van Hololepta plana (Sulzer) in België en Nederland
(Coleoptera: Histeridae). — Phegea 14: 25-26.

Brakman, P. J. 1966. Lijst van Coleoptera uit Nederland en het omliggende gebied. — Monografieën
van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging , Amsterdam.

Du Chatenet, G. 1986. Guide des coléoptères d'Europe. — Delachaux & Niestlé, Neuchatel.

Harde, K. W. & Severa, F. (vert. J. Huizinga) 1982. Thieme's kevergids. — Thieme & Cie. Zutphen.

Keer, P. M. 1930. Calwer Keverboek. — W. J. Thieme & Cie., Zutphen.

Lackner, T. & Yélamos, T. 2004. Fauna Europaea: Histeridae. In Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. Fauna
Europaea: Coleoptera 1. — Fauna Europaea version 1.1, http://www.faunaeur.org.

Schilthuizen, M. & Vallenduuk, H. 1998. Kevers op kadavers. — Mededelingen van de K.N.N.V
222, Utrecht.

Troukens, W. 2001. Doodgravers en aaskevers aan de westrand van Brussel (Coleoptera: Silphidae).
— Phegea 29(3): 95-98.

Witzgall, K. 1971. Histeridae. In Freude, Harde & Löhse, Die Kafer Mitteleuropas, Band 3. —
Goecke & Evers Verlag, Krefeld.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 144

Concept for the preservation of the Lepidoptera
biodiversity in agrolandscapes

A. N. Poltavsky

Samenvatting. Concept voor het behoud van de biodiversiteit aan Lepidoptera in agrarische
landschappen.

In de streek rond Rostov-on-Don is het grootste deel van het land ingenomen voor agrarische
activiteiten, waarbij grote hoeveelheden insecticiden worden gebruikt. De daartussen liggende
refugia worden dus eveneens ernstig bedreigd. Om de soortenrijkdom aan Lepidoptera en andere
insecten te behouden dringen zich ernstige maatregelen op, zoals het gebruik van minder
persistente insecticiden en het verbieden van het sproeien met vliegtuigen.

Résumé. Projet pour la préservation de la biodiversité de lépidoptères dans des régions
agricoles.

Dans la région de Rostov-on-Don la pluspart du pays est occupée par des activités agricoles, oü
on utilise de grandes quantités d'insecticides. Les refuges avoisinants sont également menacés.
Pour préserver la biodiversité en lépidoptères et autres insectes des mesures importants sont
nécessaires, comme 1'emploi d'insecticides moins persistants et 1'interdiction de la dispersion de
ces insecticides par avion.

Key words: Species variety - biodiversity - agrolandscapes - control measures -
insecticides

Poltavsky, A. N.: Donskoj zonal agricultural Institution, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

(poltavsky54@mail.ru).

The study of the Lepidoptera-fauna in the Rostov-on-Don region, which is
located in the south of the European part of Russia, started at the end of the 1 9th
-beginning of the 20th century (Alpheraky 1876, 1877, 1880, 1908). Researches
of the present-day specific fauna and distribution of the Lepidoptera in this
territory were carried out since 1972. During this time were collected: 404
species ofNoctuidae, 20 species of Sphingidae, 20 species of Notodontidae, 18
species of Arctiidae, 7 species of Lithosiidae, 13 species of Lasiocampidae, 13
species of Zygaenidae, 4 species of Papilionidae, 18 species of Pieridae, 53
species of Lycaenidae, 27 species of Nymphalinae, 23 species of Satyrinae, 17
species of Hesperiidae (Poltavsky 2001, Poltavsky & Artohin 2000, Poltavsky &
Nekrasov 2002).

The Rostov area is the largest agricultural region in Russia, the arable land
occupies up to 80-90 % of its territory. Only insignificant part of most adaptive
moths and butterflies survive in argocenoses. These are mainly agricultural
pests. The majority of Lepidoptera species concentrates on rather small local
plots (refuges) kept poorly changed natural vegetative formations. These refuges
were formed spontaneously in places unsuitable for agricultural use: stony and
dry steppes, saline soils, sandy fdes, bairak woods, wetland woods, slopes of
ravines, and river banks.

Entomological refuges in agrolandscape almost have no spatial isolation
from associate agro-ecosystems in which significant volumes of pesticides are

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 145

constantly applied. Technologies of plant protection, which used in the Rostov-
on-Don region, assume annual spraying a significant volume of insecticides: on
one hectare of wheat 1.1-2.72 liters; on sugar beet 2.25 liters; on peas 3.1 liters;
in orchard 10-12 liters. Insecticides, among which dominate phosphororganic
and pirethroid preparations, are the constant threat for the stability of the natural
ecosystems in the steppe zone of Russia and especially by avia-application.

Figure 1. Entomological refuges in the Rostov-on-Don region: 1 Peskovatinsky, 2- Sholohovsky, 3-
Millerovsky, 4- Efremovo-Stepanovsky, 5- Anikinsky, 6- Gomensky, 7- Kanyginsky, 8-
Razdorsko-Pukhljakovsky, 9- Bessergenevsky, 10- Voloshino-Tuzlovsky, 11- Rostovsko-
Tememitsky, 12- Nedvigovsky, 13- Lysogorsky, 14- Yasinovsky, 15- Alexandrovsky, 16-
Volotchaevsky, 17- Darievsky, 18- Selivanovsky, 19- Oblivsky, 20- Kamensky, 21-
Nizhnekundrjuchensky, 22- Bolshekrepinsky, 23- Zaicevsky, 24- Belokalitvensky, 25-
Mitjiakinsky, 26- Ostrovnoj, 27- Krasnopartizansky, 28- «Bread ravine», 29- Krasnomanytchsky,
30- Kuibyshevsky.

• - well investigated, ■ - insufficiently investigated.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 146

Figure 2. Kanyginsky refuge in the Rostov-on-Don region, especially known for the occurrence of
Sphingoneopsis gorgoniades Hübner.

... \ .

Figure 3. Nedvigovsky refuge in the Rostov-on-Don region, especially known for the occurrence of
Xylomoia graminea Graeser.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 147

Table 1. Lepidoptera indicator species of the entomological refuges in the Rostov-on-Don region
(Southern Russia). Refuge numbers are according to figure 1.

Indicator species

Refugium numbers

Zygaenidae

Zygaena laeta Hb.

2, 6

Zygaena sedi F.

1,3, 6, 16

Zygaena carniolica Scop.

6

Sphingidae

Sphingoneopsis gorgoniades Hb.

7

Proserpinus proserpina Rail.

2, 11, 12

Hemaris croatica Esp.

13, 14

Hesperiidae

Muschampia cribrellum Ev.

24

Muschampia proto Ochs.

24

Pyrgus cinarae Rbr.

24

Papilionidae

Parnassius mnemosyne L.

1X7

Pieridae

Zeg ris eupheme Led.

26, 27

Euchloe ausonia Hb.

16

Lycaenidae

Hamearis lucina L.

2

Thecla betulae L.

1,6, 10, 14, 23

Lycaena hippothoe L.

18

Lampides boeticus L.

28

Scolitantides orion Rail.

1, 23

Pseudophilotes bavius Ev.

24

Pseudophilotes vicrama Moore

8

Neolycaena rhymnus Ev.

4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17

Plebeius ( Plebejides ) pylaon Fisch. von Wald.

24

Plebeius ( Aricia ) eumedon Esp.

12

Glaucopsyche ( Maculinea ) teleius Bergstr.

2

Polyommatus ( Neolysandra ) coelestina Ev.

3, 5, 12, 13

Polyommatus ( Cyaniris ) semiargus Rott.

30

Polyommatus ( Meleageria ) daphnis Den. &
Schiff.

1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 13, 17

Polyommatus ( Polyommatus ) eroides Friv.

4,21

Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) damone Den. &
Schiff.

13, 14

Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) damocles H.-S.

13

Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae

Euphydryas maturna L.

3, 4, 5, 23

Euphydryas orientalis H.-S.

13, 17

Melitaea arduin na Frr.

13, 14, 17

Clossiana euphrosyne L.

3

Brenthis hecate Den.& Schiff.

2, 3

Nymphalidae, Satyrinae

Hipparchia autonoe Esp.

20

Kirinia climene Esp.

3,4, 5, 7, 8, 13, 23

Chazara briseis L.

4, 10, 23

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 148

Satyrus ferula F.

5, 23

Coenonympha leander Esp

2

Triphysa phryne Rail.

16

Noctuidae

Macrochilo cribrumalis Hb.

11

Naenia typica L.

4

Pyrrhia purpurina Esp.

4

Xestia sexstrigata Haw.

4

Acontia melanura Tausch.

4, 7, 13, 18

Dichonia pinkeri Kobes

2, 4, 15

Dichonia april ina L.

4

Aedophron rhodites Ev.

4

Tarachidia candefacta Hb.

4

Eublemma rosina Hb.

18

Eublemma pannonica Frey.

4, 18

Apaustis rupicola Den. & Schiff.

5, 14

Catocala lupina H.-S.

2, 4, 18

Catocala electa Borkh.

2, 4

Catocala nymphaea Esp.

25

Catocala conversa Esp.

18

Craniophora pontica Stgr.

11, 12

Xylomoia graminea Graes.

12

Chortodes brevilinea Fenn.

15

Chazaria incarnata Frr.

16

Oxytripia orbiculosa Esp.

2

Euclidia fortalitium Tausch.

2

Gortyna moesiaca H.-S.

2

Arctiidae

Arctia festiva Hfn.

4, 8, 10

Euplagia quadripunctaria Poda

7, 20

Callimorpha dominula L.

2

The new concept of insect biovariety preservation assumes the protection of
complete entomocomplexes in all regional entomological refuges. They must be
estimated from the point of view a number of insect species and ecological
vulnerability. Such work was begun with the Macrolepidoptera (Rhopalocera,
Heterocera) as an example (Poltavsky 2003, Poltavsky & Hatchikov 2004,
Poltavsky & Liman 2002, Poltavsky & Stradomsky 2004). Altogether, 30
entomological refuges were revealed in different areas of the Rostov-on-Don
region (figure 1). The refuges areas vary in intervals: 1600-30000 hectare (big
refuges), 300-800 hectares (medium refuges), 20-60 hectares (small refuges).
Every single refuge is substantially original in the structure of its Lepidoptera
fauna. The relationships between local faunas of even a neighborhood refuge are
50-60% only.

The brief characteristic of Lepidoptera structure originality of entomological
refuges could be given by analyzing the specific structure of rare indicator
species (table 1). It is typical, that the number of indicator species does not
include migrants which could be met with in agrocenoses and in the cities of the

Phegea 33 (4) ( 1 .XII.2005): 149

region, such as: Papilio machaon L., Iphiclides podalirius L., Argynnis pandom
Den. & Schiff.

For the protection of the preserved variety of insects it is necessary to correct
the character of modern land exploitation, which is close to entomological
refuges: to apply insecticides with a low persistence, to forbid aviation spraying,
to sow long-term fodder grasses.

Neither protection of landscapes in reserved territories, nor permanent
measures of separate rare species protection are capable to solve the problem of
the protection of the Lepidoptera and other insect biodiversity. A biodiversity of
insects in entomological refuges also provides a constant immigration of
entomophagues into the agrocenoses, which will control the pest density in the
fields. The significance of competition between phytophagues in natural
ecosystems, which decrease the danger of entomological refuges transformation
into centers of harmful insects multiplication is poorly studied. The role of
Lepidoptera in such processes is assumed to be very important.

References

Alpheraky, S. N. 1876. Lepidoptera of the Taganrog environs. — Annales of Russian entomological
Society, St. Peterburg 8(2-3): 150-226 (in Russian).

Alpheraky, S. N. 1877. Lepidoptera of the Taganrog environs. Addition I. — Annales of the Russian
entomological Society, St. Peterburg 10(1): 35-53 (in Russian).

Alpheraky, S. N. 1880. Lepidoptera of the Taganrog environs. Addition II. — Annales of the Russian
entomological Society, St. Peterburg 11: 45-50 (in Russian).

Alpheraky, S. N. 1908. Lepidoptera of the Taganrog environs. Addition III. — Annales of the
Russian entomological Society, St. Peterburg 38: 619—627 (in Russian).

Poltavsky, A. N. 2001 (2002). Rhopalocerous butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Rostov-on-Don region.

— The Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette 9(1-2): 91-102 (in Russian).

Poltavsky, A. N. 2003. Lepidoptera of three faunistical refuges in the centre of Rostov region. —
Historical and cultural investigations on the territory of Razdorsky entographic Museum-
reserve. 1. Rostov-on-Don: 248-263. (in Russian).

Poltavsky, A. N. & Artohin, K. S. 2000. New and rare Macrolepidoptera of the Rostov-on-Don
region in South Russia (Lepidoptera). — Phegea 28(4): 131-147.

Poltavsky, A. N., Hatchikov, E. A. 2004. Lepidoptera of the Sholohovsky reserve and neighbouring
faunistical refuges of the northem districts of Rostov region. - Museum-reserve. Ecology and
culture. — Annales of scientific-practical Conference, 25-26 August, Veshenskaja: 126-130. (in
Russian).

Poltavsky, A. N., Liman, Y. B. 2002. Investigation of Macrolepidoptera fauna of Rostov region on
example of two faunistical refuges. — Methodical textbook on entomology. Rostov-on-Don: 1 1-
1 17. (in Russian).

Poltavsky, A. N. & Nekrasov, A. V. 2002. The Noctuid Moths of the South of Russia and the
Northem Caucasus (Lepidoptera). — Esperiana 9: 21-47.

Poltavsky, A. N. & Stradomsky, B. V. 2004. Hemaris croatica (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the
Rostov-on-Don Region (South Russia). — Phegea 32(2): 59-62.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 150

Pour une détermination correcte de Mesapamea
secalis et M. didyma (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

R. H. Nyst

Abstract. On the correct Identification of Mesapamea secalis and M. didyma (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae)

The author shows that in both species, Mesapamea secalis and M. didyma, similar colour forms
occur which makes the identification even more difficult.

Samenvatting. Over een correcte determinatie van Mesapamea secalis en M. didyma
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

De auteur toont aan dat beide soorten, Mesapamea secalis en M. didyma, dezelfde
kleurvariëteiten vertonen wat hun determinatie nog moeilijker maakt.

Key words: Mesapamea secalis - Mesapamea didyma - Identification.

Nyst, R. H.: Bd. de Dixmude 17, B-1000 Bruxelles.

Fig. 1. Colonne de gauche, Mesapamea secalis', de droite, Mesapamea didyma. 2 rangées supérieures,
femelles; 2 rangées inférieures, males (Photo: Paul Louis).

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 151

Lorsqu'en 1984 F. Coenen et W. O. De Prins révèlent la présence du couple
Mesapamea secalis (Linnaeus, 1758) et Mesapamea didyma (Esper, 1788)
(nommée M. secalella Remm, 1983) en Belgique et en France, je constatai
comme chacun, que 1'habitus ne permettait pas de distinguer les deux espèces. Et
leur article montrait déja fort bien les caractères des genitalia trés faciles a
utiliser.

Les listes de captures publiées et les ouvrages de référence parus depuis font
toujours état des deux espèces. Malheureusement les données concemant leur
fréquence comparée me semblent souvent sujettes a caution. En effet les
ouvrages publient des photos d'exemplaires non disséqués ou appartenant a 1'une
des trois formes les plus courantes pour illustrer les deux espèces. Alors que ces
formes existent, rigoureusement pareilles dans les deux espèces. II en résulte que
les captures sont souvent signalées sans vérification par les genitalia. La
dissection de mes propres captures et de celles que quelques collègues ont bien
voulu me confier (peu, malgré mes offres de service!) m'a montré environ 75%
d'erreurs commises en toute bonne foi!

Le but de la présente note est de convaincre (surtout par les photos) les
collègues hésitants, qu'il est vain de classer nos exemplaires sans dissection
préalable. Ne serait-il pas intéressant d'établir correctement la répartition actuelle
pour la Belgique et aussi la France?

Ce travail avait été réalisé a grande échelle pour la Suisse en les années 1983
a 1987 par L. Rezbanyai-Reser du Musée de Luzern (Rezbanyai-Reser 1987). G.
Ebert a établi une carte du Baden- Württemberg beaucoup plus récente. II
présente de remarquables photos; mais, prises sur le vif, elles illustrent la
similitude des formes sans permettre la distinction réelle entre les deux espèces
(Ebert 1998).

La liste des exemplaires que j'ai pu recueillir ou vérifier n'est pas trés
importante mais il apparaït justement remarquable qu'un petit nombre suffise
déja a révéler une forte différence entre les régions. On notera (tableau 1) que
dans tous les départements francais, si peu nombreuses que soient mes captures,
les deux espèces étaient présentes. Les choses différent pour la Belgique.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 152

Tableau de répartition des exemplaires disséqués.

Belgique

Flandre occidentale
Hainaut
Brabant
Liège
Namur
Luxembourg
France

Alpes-Maritimes

Corrèze

Cöte d'Or

Lot

Tam

Var

Mesapamea

secalis

3

2

1

4

3

1

13

1

Mesapamea

didyma

8

1

38

15

13

1

5

4
3
1

5
1

Les photos (fig. 1) soulignent chez les trois formes les plus caractéristiques
(rangée 1, rangées 2 et 3, rangée 4) la parfaite identité d'aspect de M. secalis et
M. didyma.

Références

Coenen, F. & De Prins, W. O. 1984. Mesapamea secalella Remm, 1983, een nieuwe soort voor de
Belgische en Franse fauna (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). — Phegea 12(3): 77-83.

Ebert, G. 1998. Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Württembergs. Band 7 Eulen. — Verlag Eugen Ulmer,
Stuttgart.

Rezbanyai-Reser, L. 1989. Mesapamea- Studiën III. — Entomologische Berichte Luzern 21: 67-103.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 153

Boekbesprekingen

Askew, R. R.: The Dragonflies ofEurope (revised edition).

23 x 17 cm, 308 p., 32 kleurenplaten, 513 tekstfiguren en 114 verspreidingskaarten, Harley Books,
Martins, Great Horkesley, Colchester, Essex C06 4AH, England, paperback, 2004, £30.00 (ISBN 0-
946589-75-5).

Dit boek is een herwerkte versie van het bekende werk over de Europese libellen dat in 1988
gepubliceerd werd als gebonden boek in groot formaat. Waarschijnlijk mede door de eerste editie
raakten heel wat nieuwe gegevens bekend over de Europese Odonata, zowel biologische als
verspreidingsgegevens. Deze werden niet in de algemene tekst verwerkt maar wel in een
supplementair hoofdstuk. Daarin staan ook de 14 nieuwe soorten behandeld die sinds de eerste editie
in Europa bekend raakten. Verder bevat dat hoofdstuk wijzigingen en enkele correcties aan de tekst
van de eerste editie. Zo raakt de informatie natuurlijk wel een beetje verspreid. Het is ook jammer dat
de nieuwe soorten niet in de determineertabellen werden opgenomen.

De inleidende en algemene teksten zijn gelijk aan die van de eerste uitgave. De figuren zijn zeer
verhelderend en de kleurenplaten zonder meer prachtig en goed bruikbaar voor het determineren. De
ene, supplementaire kleurenplaat doet zeker niet onder voor de vorige platen. De
verspreidingskaartjes geven een duidelijk beeld van de verspreiding van de verschillende soorten in
Europa, maar ze werden jammer genoeg niet altijd bijgewerkt met de informatie die de laatste 15 jaar
bekend raakte.

Het boek eindigt met een uitgebreide literatuurlijst. De referenties sinds 1988 worden in een
supplementaire lijst opgesomd. Achteraan volgt nog een alfabetische index van de wetenschappelijk
namen. Gelukkig zijn de nieuwe soorten daar wel goed in verwerkt. Al bij al dus een erg
informatierijk boek, goedkoper en handiger dan de oorspronkelijke uitgave, maar de nieuwe
gegevens zijn nogal verspreid opgenomen wat de bruikbaarheid niet altijd ten goede komt.

Willy De Prins

Mason, F., Nardi, G. & Tisato, M. (eds.): Deadwood: a key to biodiversity.

21 x 29,5 cm, 99 pp., tekstfiguren, Proceedings of the International Symposium 29-31 Mey 2003,
Mantova (Italy), te bestellen bij Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della
Biodeiversita Forestale, Corpe Forestale dello Stato, Via C. Ederle 16a, 1-37100 Verona,
natcons@tin.it, geniet, 2004, prijs niet meegedeeld (ISBN 88-901223-0-7).

Heel wat dierlijk leven is gebonden aan dood hout en bossen waarin omgevallen bomen of
afgewaaide takken blijven liggen, hebben dan meestal ook een veel grotere biodiversiteit dan bossen
waarin alles kraaknet wordt opgeruimd. Tijdens dit symposium werden 23 voordrachten gehouden
over diverse aspecten van het leven in dood hout. De teksten van deze voordrachten, vooral in het
Italiaans of het Engels, worden in deze publicatie samengebracht en voorzien van tabellen, grafieken
en foto's.

De entomologische hoofdstukken omvatten: Saprophylic invertebrates of floodplains, a
particularly endangered component of biodiversity; Two lowland beech-oak forest areas abandoned
for more than 30 years: what do bird and beetle communities teil us?; Coleotteri scolitidi in querce
del Bosco della Fontana; Osmoderma eremita s.1. in Europa meridionale: stato delle conoscenze e
problemi di conservazione (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae); Importanza degli insetti xilofagi primari
nell'economia forestale; Eupotosia mirifica, joyau mencé du patrimoine naturel européen
(Coleoptera, Cetoniidae); Saprophylic beetles in boreal forests: temporal variability and
representatives of samples in beetle inventories, The succession of saprophylic insects in dead wood:
a new research method. Het boek is keurig uitgegeven en interessant voor entomologen die in
xylofage insecten geïnteresseerd zijn.

Willy De Prins

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 154

Notes on Ecdamua nambui (Hymenoptera:
Torymidae), with a key to world Ecdamua species

A. Zavada

Abstract. The species Ecdamua nambui Kamijo, 1979, originally described from Japan, is
in the present communication reported as found in Kiev, Ukraine. The Ukrainian specimen is
provided with a description. A key to all five known species of Ecdamua is given.

Samenvatting. Gegevens over Ecdamua nambui (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), met een
sleutel voor de Ecdamua- soorten van de wereldfauna

Ecdamua nambui Kamijo, 1979, oorspronkelijk beschreven uit Japan, wordt hier meegedeeld uit
Kiev, Oekraïne. Het exemplaar uit Oekraïne wordt beschreven. Een determineertabel voor alle
vijf bekende soorten uit het genus Ecdamua wordt gegeven.

Résumé. Données sur Ecdamua nambui (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), avec une clé pour les
espèces mondiales d' Ecdamua

Ecdamua nambui Kamijo, 1979, décrite du Japon, est rapporté ici de Kiev, Ukraine.
L'exemplaire ukrainien est décrit. Une clé de détermination est donnée pour les 5 espèces
d Ecdamua connues dans le monde entier.

Keywords: Ecdamua - Ecdamua nambui - new record - key.

Zavada, A.: Groningen University, Dept. of Animal Behaviour, P.O. box 14, NL-9750 AA
Haren, The Netherlands, a.g.zavada@rug.nl

Introduction

In June, 2003 I leamed of a " Torymus " species with exceptionally long
ovipositor collected in Kiev, Ukraine. On a subsequent visit to the collecting
locality, which is in the park surrounding the Sophia Cathedral in the down-
town, another specimen, hereunder described, was taken in my presence. The
specimen proved to be Ecdamua nambui Kamijo, 1979, previously only known
from its type locality in Japan.

In describing sculpture and punctuation I adhered to the terminology
proposed by Torre-Bueno (1962), while in all other respects following my
earlier descriptions of Torymus species, and those of Graham & Gijswijt (1998).

The key was composed based on females of Ecdamua Walker deposited in
the NHM (former BMNH). The distribution data and synonymies to all species
listed below have been compiled from the Online Chalcidoidea catalogue (Noyes
2003).

Key to species of Ecdamua Walker

1. Propodeum with median row of foveae. Petiole at most twice as long as broad. Hind femur:
length of tooth about half the breadth of femur at point of attachment; contour of lower margin non-
continuous proximally and distally from tooth attachment. [Longitudinal sulcus on scutellum absent.]
nambui Kamijo

- Propodeum without row of foveae in the middle, smooth or with piliferous punctures. Petiole
longer. Hind femur: tooth on hind femur as minute tubercle; curvature of lower margin smooth,
unbroken at point of attachment of the tooth 2

2. Propodeum glabrous. Prepectal fossa as a wide groove, with upper and lower margins parallel. ..3

— Propodeum finely sculptured. Prepectal fossa triangular 4

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 155

3. Scutellum with an incomplete longitudinal sulcus cadenati (Risbec)

- Scutellum without such longitudinal sulcus macrotelus Walker

4. Petiole 1.5- 1.6 times as long as hind tibia. Foveae in basal rows on propodeum smaller and more

than four on each side. Width of frons equal to height of eye. [?Smaller species?] indica Walker

- Petiole 1 .9 times as long as hind tibia. Foveae in basal rows on propodeum large and few, at most

four visible, on each side. Width of frons slightly less than height of eye. [?Larger species?]

longipilum (Girault)1

Ecdamua nambui Kamijo, 1979

Ecdamua nambui Kamijo, 1979.

Material studied: $, Ukraine, Kiev, 7.viii.2003 (Zavada) (BMNH).

Description: §: Head from above 39:18 times as broad as long; temples
straight, 3.5:14.5 length of eye; parascrobal areas level with anterior margin of
eyes; occipital aperture equal in breadth to distance between inner margins of
eyes, its foremost point passes a little the tangent line drawn at their posterior
margins; POL:OOL 4.5:10, OOL:OD 4.5:5; surface moderately shiny, on vertex
slightly corrugated transversely, punctures of moderate size, rather sparse. Head
in anterior view 41:30 times as broad as high; height of eye 22:30 height of head
and 22:21 width of frons; toruli situated distinctly nearer to lower than to upper
margin of face; length of scape proper 14:21 width of frons; scape hardly or just
reaching lower ocellus; genae virtually straight, malar space 7:12 breadth of
mouth; lower margin of face with a bordering groove along its entire length
including clypeus; clypeus produced forward a little. Mandible with three robust
teeth, which are equal in size. Lower face devoid of punctures, lightly
alutaceous; parascrobal areas stronger sculptured, coriaceous, with isolated
punctures appearing; head all over in long sparse brownish hairs; mandibles
more densely pilose. Pedicellus longer than broad; anellus slightly shorter than
broad or quadrate, subparallel, its breadth at base more than half apical breadth
of pedicellus; F1 elongated conical, approximately twice as long as broad at
apex and at base equal in breadth to pedicellus; F2-F7 gradually becoming
shorter, F7 being 1.6- 1.7 times as long as broad; all funicular segments clothed
with short adpressed sensilla, arranged in up to 5 irregular rows; clava not
broader than F7, approximately as long as F7 plus one-third F6.

Pronotum from above resembling the form seen in Callimomus species, with
sides subparallel; its surface sculpture anteriorly foveolate-punctate with smooth
interstices, posteriorly (along the partly effaced suture) becoming glabrous,
devoid of punctures, postero-laterally shallow, confused-rugulose, showing as
though meshes of very loose and irregular reticulation; sides of pronotum
longitudinally strigulate in the main part, with an elevated smooth area distinctly
bordering it at and around its upper posterior corner; below, sides of pronotum
are extended down to overhang fore coxa as small and narrow, smooth
testaceous flaps. Halves of prosternum with dividing longitudinal suture almost
obliterated. Mesoscutum 85:52 as long as broad, in large and rather shallow

I have seen only one Australian specimen in BMNH identifïed as E. longipilum (Girault). This specimen was
rather close to E. indica Walker.

Phegea 33 (4) (1 .XII.2005): 156

piliferous punctures, uniformly spaced at one their diameter, with smooth
interstices; abscissae of scutoscutellar suture not continuously straight, thus
forming an obtuse angle. Scutellum 51:27 times as long as broad, narrowly
rounded apically, sculptured as mesoscutum but with punctures more apart;
axillae with punctures even sparser and interstices lightly imbricate. Prepectal
fossa very shallow but delimited clearly. The obliquely running ridge dividing
antero-ventral and lateral surfaces of mesostemum is conspicuous and entire,
reaching base of mid coxa; lateral surface weakly imbricate to smooth, furnished
with a set of small foveae along its posterior margin in middle part. Frenal line
distinct; posterior part of scutellum, occupying about two-fifth of its length,
entirely and perfectly smooth; flange furnished with a few trabeculae.
Metanotum clearly visible from above; lateral fossae with medial border
somewhat smoothed. Propodeum visibly longer than scutellum, convex,
glabrous and shining; with a row of four quite large, gradually diminishing
laterad, foveae along base, on each side; partly separating the two innermost
foveae lies another fovea, immediately posterior to which begin another pair of
diverging rows of foveae, these being somewhat larger and more elongate than
those in basal rows, that go to sides of propodeal foramen and divide the
propodeum into three subequal areas; posterior margin of propodeum furnished
with a groove; propodeal spiracle slit-like; callus only slightly stronger
sculptured than rest of propodeum, with several obscure punctures and
apparently bare. Propodeum inclined at 25-30°; propodeal foramen low.
Mesepimeron large, rotund, somewhat (but not as strongly as in Torymus
austriacus Graham) convex, as high as mid coxa. The lobe of mesepistemum
that lies above mesepimeron forms at its anterior extremity a small detached
sclerite, which is delimited by a sulcus. Hind coxa bare except for several long
hairs near apex, about or slightly more than twice as long as broad; in profile, its
anterior margin is very weakly angular; posterior margin not angulate basally
and weakly and evenly curved in the rest of its length; dorsal ridge quite distinct
only in proximal one-fourth; lateral surface reticulate, reticulation becoming
obsolescent towards mid-line and turns alutaceous on anterior surface; medial
surface imbricate, and neither surface has nitid areas such as in T. armatus
Boheman and T. kononovae (Zerova & Seryogina). Hind femur 75:18 times as
long as broad, bearing a strong, apically hooked tooth, distal to which the
breadth of femur is conspicuously less than immediately proximally to it. Shorter
spur of hind tibia 0.6-0. 7 length of longer spur, the latter subequal to apical
breadth of tibia. Hind basitarsus 28:76 length of tibia.

Fore wing with two hair-rows on under surface of costal cell, one running
along its entire length and one terminating at about one-third from base; upper
surface with single hair-row in distal half; basal and cubital veins traced with
uninterrupted hair-rows; basal cell bare except for two or three hairs below SC;
speculum small, closed, with disc piliation beginning immediately from cv.
SC:M 81:45; ST distinct, oblique; PM gradually disappearing towards apex, at
least 3.5 times as long as ST. Overall disc piliation not dense; disc entirely
immaculate.

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 157

Gaster distinctly shorter than mesosoma, and conspicuously petiolate; petiole
parallel-sided, somewhat compressed dorsolaterally and about twice as long as
broad. Gastral tergites 2 to 4 narrowly and more or less strongly emarginate
medially; tergite 5 broadly emarginate; all tergites alutaceous at base and
glabrous, brightly shining in middle and at apex. Hypopygium unsclerotized
except at extreme apex, pilose. Sides of gaster and apices of tergites 4 and 5 in
sparse long greyish hairs. Ovipositor exceptionally long, measuring at least 3
body lengths.

Head, mesosoma from above, gaster except petiole, fore and mid coxae and
femora metallic greenish-blue, strongly shining; sides of mesosoma and hind
coxa and femur bluish-green, with golden tinge in places; posterior margins of
gastral tergites violet; scape testaceous brown, fore tibiae at base, and mid tibiae
entirely, brown, fuscous-testaceous, and so are maxillae; hind tibiae deep brown
with weak metallic sheen; tarsi light-brown except distal segment, which is dark;
antennae, tegulae, and petiole black.

Body length excluding ovipositor, 4 mm.

3 unknown.

BlOLOGY. The specimen was taken on the trunk of an old chestnut tree when
ovipositing into one of the numerous scolytid burrows, 2-3 mm in diameter, in a
stretch of bare wood about 80 cm long for many seasons stripped of bark. Small
wasps were seen entering and leaving these burrows.

Distribution. Japan, Ukraine.

COMPARATIVE Notes. This species stands apart from the other four species
of Ecdamua for its pronounced hind-femoral tooth and the median row of foveae
on the propodeum, downward diverging from the midpoint.

Ecdamua cadenati (Risbec, 1951)

Plesiostigma cadenati Risbec, 1951.

E. cadenati; Grissell, 1995.

Distribution. Niger, Senegal, Siërra Leone, Uganda.

Ecdamua indica Walker, 1871

E. indica Walker, 1871.

E. indica ; Narendran, 1984.

E. indica ; Boucek, 1988.

E. indica ; Grissell, 1995.

E. mirabilis Masi, 1926.

Torymus mirabilis; Farooqi, 1986.

E. mirabilis; Narendran & Sureshan, 1988.

Amonodontomerus indicus Ahmad, 1946.

E. bangalorensis Mani & Kurian, 1953.

Distribution. China (Taiwan), India (Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala,
Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh).

Ecdamua longipilum (Girault, 1925)

Phegea 33 (4) (l.XII.2005): 158

Monodontomerella longipilum Girault, 1925.

E. indica; Boucek, 1988.

Distribution. Australia (Queensland).

Ecdamua macrotelus Walker, 1862

E. macrotelus Walker, 1862.

E. macrotelus ; Boucek, 1988.

E. macrotelus ; Grissell, 1995.

Distribution. Kenya, Siërra Leone, Uganda.

Acknowledgments

I am very much obliged to Dr. Viktor Fursov of Schmalhausen Institute of
Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine, with whom maintaining a reserved correspondence I
eventually became aware of the new species. I would also like to thank Dr. John
Noyes for assistance during my visit to the Natural History Museum, London,
and Mr. M. J. Gijswijt, Zoological Museum Amsterdam and Naturalis, Leiden,
for his sceptical though sound comments on my work.

References

Ahmead, M. 1946. Some new species of parasitic Hymenoptera from India. — Indian Journal of
Entomology 7(1/2): 5-1 1.

Boucek, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of
fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. — CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon,
U.K., Cambrian News Ltd, Aberystwyth, Wales 832 pp.

Farooqi, S. I. 1986. Family Torymidae. In: Subba-Rao, R. B. & Hayat, M. (Eds.). The Chalcidoidea
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Girault, A. A. 1925. Notes and descriptions of Australian chalcid-flies III. (Hymenoptera). —
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Mani, M. S. & Kurian, C. 1953. Descriptions and records of chalcids from India. — Indian Journal
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